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Polity & Governance

Academic Migration Crisis Demands Higher Education Reforms to Retain Talent

The Hindu - OpinionPrelims · EducationMains · GS2 Governance

India faces a severe brain drain with 13.8 lakh students studying abroad in 2025, necessitating urgent reforms in higher education to create 'global-ready graduates' and retain talent.

  • Brain Drain: India lost 13.8 lakh students to foreign universities in 2025, with Kerala contributing 11% of total migration, weakening domestic academic and innovation capacity.
  • Destination Trends: The U.S. and Canada attract 40% of Indian students, while Germany gains popularity for affordable engineering and nursing courses despite post-COVID fee hikes.
  • Financial Burden: Middle-class families take loans of ₹30-50 lakh, often mortgaging assets, with many students facing underemployment or returning with debt and limited prospects.

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Polity & GovernanceGS2

Bangladesh's Constitutional Reform Charter Faces Political Rift Post-Election

Indian Express - ExplainedPrelims · PolityMains · GS2 Polity and constitution

Bangladesh's newly elected Parliament faces a political divide over the implementation of the July National Charter, a constitutional reform document approved by 70% of voters, with the BNP refusing to participate in the Constitutional Reform Council.

International RelationsGS2

EconomyGS3