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Society, History & Culture

Arthashastra's Rain Measurement System: Evidence-Based Governance in Ancient India

Indian Express - OpinionPrelims · HistoryMains · GS1 History

The Arthashastra documents the world's first state-administered rainfall measurement system from 300 BCE, highlighting India's early scientific contributions and evidence-based governance, which remain unrecognized due to colonial narratives and institutional neglect.

  • Arthashastra describes a complete operational system for rainfall measurement in 300 BCE, including standardized instruments (clay bowls), units (dronas), and data collection across six regions of the Mauryan Empire.
  • Drona, the unit of measurement, equated to approximately 13.2 kg of water, demonstrating advanced hydrological knowledge and standardization in ancient India.
  • Rainfall data was used for evidence-based policy decisions, including tax remission and farmer relief, showcasing integrated governance in the Mauryan administration.

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Polity & Governance

Viksit Bharat and Amrit Kaal: Governance and Development Milestones

Indian Express - OpinionPrelims · Government schemesMains · GS2 Governance

The article highlights India's progress under the Viksit Bharat vision and Amrit Kaal, focusing on poverty alleviation, infrastructure development, and women empowerment, with significant achievements in housing, healthcare, and education.

Polity & GovernanceGS2

Padma Awards Evolution: Constitutional Foundations and Democratic Inclusivity

Indian Express - OpinionPrelims · PolityMains · GS2 Polity and constitution

The Padma Awards, instituted in 1954, reflect India's constitutional compromise between prohibiting titles (Article 18) and recognizing public service, with recent reforms under the Modi government enhancing grassroots participation and geographical diversity in nominations.

International RelationsGS2

EconomyGS3

Environment & ScienceGS3