Recently, linking of which of the following rivers was undertaken?

Updated 11 Apr 2026 · From UPSC Prelims GS Paper I 2016, Q21

Contents13
UPSC Prelims GS2016Geography
  1. ACauvery and Tungabhadra
  2. BGodavari and Krishna
  3. CMahanadi and Son
  4. DNarmada and Tapti
Show answer

Answer: (B) Godavari and Krishna

Answer: (b) Godavari and Krishna

The Godavari-Krishna river linking was in news because of the Pattiseema Lift Irrigation Scheme in Andhra Pradesh.

Key facts:

The AP government under CM Chandrababu Naidu initiated a project to divert surplus Godavari water to the Krishna river basin through the Pattiseema Lift Irrigation Scheme.

It started on September 16, 2015 and was India's first major river-linking project to be completed.

Why not the others?

  • (a) Cauvery and Tungabhadra - No such linking was undertaken recently.
  • (c) Mahanadi and Son - No such recent project.
  • (d) Narmada and Tapti - No such recent linking.

The broader context:

India has a long-term National River Linking Project.

The Godavari-Krishna link was one of the first to actually be implemented on the ground.

Why this was asked

The Pattiseema Lift Irrigation Scheme in Andhra Pradesh was India's first completed major river-linking project, transferring Godavari surplus water to Krishna river basin.

This project was launched in September 2015 under CM Chandrababu Naidu and became a major current affairs topic in 2015-16, making it exam-relevant.

UPSC is testing awareness of actual implemented projects versus the theoretical National River Linking Project that has been discussed for decades.

Godavari-Krishna River Linking Project

Geography Godavari and Krishna linking

Godavari-Krishna River Linking: Pattiseema Project & UPSC Facts

Must know

Pattiseema Lift Irrigation Scheme was India's first completed major river linking project

Started September 16, 2015 under Chandrababu Naidu in Andhra Pradesh

Diverts surplus Godavari water to Krishna basin through lift irrigation

Good to know

Part of the broader National River Linking Project of India

What It Is

The Pattiseema Lift Irrigation Scheme connects the Godavari and Krishna rivers by lifting surplus water from the Godavari at Polavaram and transferring it to the Krishna basin. This was India's first major river linking project to actually be completed on the ground.

Project Details

Aspect

Details

Launch Date

September 16, 2015

State

Andhra Pradesh

Chief Minister

N. Chandrababu Naidu

Method

Lift irrigation (pumping water uphill)

Source Point

Godavari at Polavaram

Destination

Krishna river basin

Significance

First completed river linking project in India

River Linking Geography

Pattiseema lifts Godavari water near Polavaram to feed Krishna basin irrigation
Pattiseema lifts Godavari water near Polavaram to feed Krishna basin irrigation

Source: nickeled and dimed — River Interlinking: Reflections from the Case Study of the ... · nickledanddimed.com

Question Connection

This project was in news around 2015-2016, making it the correct answer for "recently undertaken" river linking. The other river pairs mentioned had no such recent linking projects completed.

Exam traps

Cauvery-Tungabhadra linking sounds plausible (both South Indian rivers) but no such project exists

Mahanadi-Son linking is geographically possible but not undertaken recently

Narmada-Tapti flow parallel to each other - linking would be complex and wasn't done

National River Linking Project

Geography river linking linking

National River Linking Project: Components & Current Status

Must know

30 river links planned under National River Linking Project

Two components: 14 Himalayan links + 16 Peninsular links

Ken-Betwa link is the next major project under implementation

Good to know

Aims to transfer water from surplus basins to deficit areas

Concept

India's National River Linking Project aims to connect rivers through canals and reservoirs to transfer water from surplus basins to water-deficit regions. The project addresses regional water imbalances across India.

Two Components

Component

Number of Links

Key Features

Examples

Himalayan

14 links

Connect Ganga-Brahmaputra system

Ganga-Yamuna link

Peninsular

16 links

Connect peninsular rivers

Godavari-Krishna (completed), Ken-Betwa (ongoing)

Implementation Status

Godavari-Krishna (Pattiseema) - completed in 2015 - India's first success

Ken-Betwa link - currently under implementation with ₹44,605 crore budget

Most other links are still in planning/survey stage due to interstate disputes

National Water Development Agency (NWDA) is the nodal agency for implementation

Exam traps

Don't assume all 30 links are being implemented - only Ken-Betwa and Godavari-Krishna have made real progress

Himalayan vs Peninsular - remember the 14+16 split for numerical questions

NWDA is the implementing agency, not Central Water Commission which only does planning

Major Peninsular Rivers of India

Geography Godavari Krishna Cauvery Tungabhadra Narmada Tapti

Peninsular Rivers: Classification & Key Features

Must know

Godavari is the longest peninsular river (1465 km)

Krishna is second longest peninsular river (1400 km)

Narmada & Tapti flow west, others flow east to Bay of Bengal

Good to know

Tungabhadra is a major tributary of Krishna river

East vs West Flowing Rivers

Direction

Rivers

Destination

Key Feature

East Flowing

Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery

Bay of Bengal

Form large deltas, longer courses

West Flowing

Narmada, Tapti

Arabian Sea

Flow through rift valleys, shorter courses

River Details

River

Length (km)

Origin

Major States

Key Tributary

Godavari

1465

Nashik, Maharashtra

Maharashtra, Telangana, AP

Indravati

Krishna

1400

Mahabaleshwar

Maharashtra, Karnataka, AP

Tungabhadra

Cauvery

800

Coorg, Karnataka

Karnataka, Tamil Nadu

Kabini

Narmada

1312

Amarkantak, MP

MP, Gujarat

None major

Tapti

724

Multai, MP

MP, Maharashtra, Gujarat

Purna

Peninsular Drainage Map

East-flowing rivers form deltas; West-flowing rivers have estuaries
East-flowing rivers form deltas; West-flowing rivers have estuaries

Source: India Map — River Map of India | River System in India | Himalayan Rivers ... · www.mapsofindia.com

Exam traps

Tungabhadra is a tributary of Krishna, not an independent river - don't pair them as separate rivers

Godavari is longer than Krishna - remember 1465 > 1400 km

Only Narmada & Tapti flow west among major peninsular rivers - rest flow east