Consider the following statements about 'PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana': I. It targets installation of one crore solar rooftop panels in the residential sector. II. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy aims to impart training on installation, operation, maintenance and repairs of solar rooftop systems at grassroot levels. III. It aims to create more than three lakhs skilled manpower through fresh skilling, and up-skilling, under scheme component of capacity building. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Updated 11 Apr 2026 · From UPSC Prelims GS Paper I 2025, Q80

Contents13
UPSC Prelims GS2025Indian Polity
  1. AI and II only
  2. BI and III only
  3. CII and III only
  4. DI, II and III
Show answer

Answer: (D) I, II and III

(I) 'Targets 1 crore solar rooftop panels in residential sector' — CORRECT.

PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana was launched on February 15, 2024, with the ambitious target of installing rooftop solar panels on 1 crore (10 million) households.

The scheme provides subsidies for residential rooftop solar installations, aiming to provide free electricity of up to 300 units per month to households. ✓

(II) 'Training on solar rooftop systems at grassroot levels' — CORRECT.

The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has included a training component to build capacity at grassroot levels.

This includes training local technicians, electricians, and community members on how to install, operate, maintain, and repair rooftop solar systems.

This ensures sustainable long-term operation of the installations. ✓

(III) 'Aims to create 3 lakh+ skilled manpower' — CORRECT.

The scheme includes a capacity building component that aims to create more than 3 lakh (300,000) skilled workers through fresh skilling and up-skilling programs.

These workers would handle installation, maintenance, and repair of solar rooftop systems across the country. ✓

All three statements correctly describe the scheme's components. Answer is (d).

Why this was asked

PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana was launched in February 2024 with a target of 1 crore rooftop solar installations, making it a major current affairs topic for 2025 exams.

The scheme represents India's push toward renewable energy self-reliance and decentralized power generation at the household level.

UPSC is testing whether students know the specific numerical targets and implementation details of this flagship renewable energy scheme.

PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana

Indian Economy PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana one crore solar rooftop panels three lakhs skilled manpower

PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana: Solar Rooftop Revolution

Must know

Launched February 15, 2024 targeting 1 crore households with rooftop solar

Provides up to 300 units free electricity per month to beneficiaries

Creates 3 lakh+ skilled workers through capacity building programs

Good to know

Includes grassroot training for installation, operation and maintenance

Scheme Overview

PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana is India's flagship residential solar program launched in 2024. It aims to make every household energy-independent while creating massive employment in the renewable energy sector.

Key Targets & Components

Component

Target/Feature

Benefit

Rooftop Installation

1 crore households

Free electricity up to 300 units/month

Skill Development

3 lakh+ workers

Fresh skilling & up-skilling programs

Grassroot Training

Local technicians & electricians

Installation, operation, maintenance expertise

Sector Focus

Residential only

Household energy security & savings

Implementation Strategy

MNRE (Ministry of New and Renewable Energy) is the nodal ministry for execution

Subsidies provided directly to households for rooftop solar panel installation

Training programs conducted at grassroot levels to ensure local capacity

Focus on sustainable long-term operation through skilled local workforce

Question Connection

All three statements in the PYQ are correct - the scheme targets 1 crore installations, includes grassroot training by MNRE, and aims to create 3+ lakh skilled workers. This tests knowledge of recent renewable energy initiatives.

Exam traps

Don't confuse with PM-KUSUM scheme which targets agricultural solar pumps, not residential rooftops

February 15, 2024 launch date - recent scheme, expect more questions on implementation details

MNRE is the implementing ministry, not Ministry of Power or Rural Development

Rooftop Solar Systems

Science And Technology solar rooftop panels installation, operation, maintenance

Rooftop Solar Technology: Components & Benefits

Must know

Grid-connected systems allow excess power sale back to grid via net metering

Good to know

Typical residential system ranges 1-10 kW capacity depending on roof space

25-year lifespan with minimal maintenance requirements

System Components

# Rooftop Solar System
## Solar Panels
- Photovoltaic cells
- Monocrystalline/Polycrystalline
- 25-year warranty
## Power Conditioning
- Inverter (DC to AC)
- Monitoring system
- Safety switches
## Grid Integration
- Net meter
- Grid synchronization
- Power evacuation
## Support Structure
- Mounting rails
- Roof penetration
- Weather protection

Installation Process

%%{init: {"flowchart": {"wrappingWidth": 460}}}%%
flowchart TD
  s1["`**Site Assessment**
Roof condition, area, shading analysis`"]
  s2["`**System Design**
Capacity calculation, component selection`"]
  s3["`**Approvals**
Electricity board clearance, net metering`"]
  s4["`**Installation**
Mounting, wiring, inverter setup`"]
  s5["`**Commissioning**
Testing, grid connection, monitoring setup`"]
  s1 --> s2
  s2 --> s3
  s3 --> s4
  s4 --> s5

Training Requirements

Installation skills: Electrical wiring, mounting techniques, safety protocols

Operation knowledge: System monitoring, performance optimization, troubleshooting

Maintenance expertise: Panel cleaning, inverter servicing, component replacement

Repair capabilities: Fault diagnosis, component testing, grid synchronization issues

Renewable Energy Skill Development

Indian Economy skilled manpower capacity building

Green Jobs & Skill Development in Renewable Energy

Must know

Fresh skilling for new entrants, up-skilling for existing workers

Good to know

India targets 50 crore skilled workers by 2025 across all sectors via Skill India

Renewable energy sector can create 3.4 crore jobs by 2030 globally

Skill Categories in Solar Sector

Skill Level

Job Roles

Training Duration

Key Competencies

Basic

Panel cleaner, Helper

1-2 weeks

Safety, basic maintenance

Skilled

Solar technician, Installer

3-6 months

Electrical work, system assembly

Advanced

System designer, Project manager

6-12 months

Design software, project coordination

Expert

Engineer, Quality auditor

Graduate + certification

Technical analysis, standards compliance

Training Infrastructure

Grassroot training centers established in districts with high solar potential

Public-private partnerships with solar companies for practical training

Certification programs aligned with National Skill Qualification Framework (NSQF)

Women participation encouraged through targeted skill development programs

Capacity Building Process

%%{init: {"flowchart": {"wrappingWidth": 460}}}%%
flowchart TD
  s1["`**Needs Assessment**
Identify skill gaps in target regions`"]
  s2["`**Curriculum Design**
Theory + practical modules for different levels`"]
  s3["`**Trainer Training**
Master trainers certified at state/district level`"]
  s4["`**Implementation**
Batch-wise training with industry exposure`"]
  s5["`**Placement Support**
Job linkages with solar companies`"]
  s1 --> s2
  s2 --> s3
  s3 --> s4
  s4 --> s5
Exam traps

3 lakh workers specifically under PM Surya Ghar - don't mix with broader Skill India targets

Training covers installation + operation + maintenance + repairs - all four components tested

Grassroot level training emphasizes local capacity building, not centralized programs