Which one of the following is the best description of ‘INS Astradharini’, that was in the news recently?

Updated 11 Apr 2026 · From UPSC Prelims GS Paper I 2016, Q86

Contents11
UPSC Prelims GS2016Science and Technology
  1. AAmphibious warfare ship
  2. BNuclear-powered submarine
  3. CTorpedo launch and recovery vessel
  4. DNuclear-powered aircraft carrier
Show answer

Answer: (C) Torpedo launch and recovery vessel

Answer: (c) Torpedo launch and recovery vessel

INS Astradharini is India's first indigenously designed (95%) Torpedo Launch and Recovery Vessel (TLRV).

Commissioned in 2015, built by Hindustan Shipyard, Visakhapatnam.

It tests, tracks, and recovers torpedoes during naval trials.

'Astradharini' means 'carrier of weapons' in Sanskrit (Astra = weapon, Dharini = carrier).

Why not others?

  • (a) Amphibious ship = INS Jalashwa.
  • (b) Nuclear submarine = INS Arihant.
  • (d) Nuclear aircraft carrier = India doesn't have one.
Why this was asked

INS Astradharini was commissioned in 2015 as India's first indigenously designed torpedo launch and recovery vessel, built by Hindustan Shipyard in Visakhapatnam.

The vessel became prominent in 2015-16 news coverage as part of India's Make in India naval indigenization efforts, making it a current affairs topic for UPSC 2016.

UPSC is testing whether students can distinguish between different naval vessel types and their specific functions rather than just knowing famous ships like INS Arihant or INS Jalashwa.

INS Astradharini (TLRV)

Science And Technology INS Astradharini Torpedo launch and recovery vessel

INS Astradharini: India's First Indigenous Torpedo Launch & Recovery Vessel

Must know

INS Astradharini is India's first indigenously designed Torpedo Launch and Recovery Vessel (TLRV)

95% indigenous design, built by Hindustan Shipyard, Visakhapatnam

Commissioned in 2015 for testing and recovering torpedoes during naval trials

Good to know

Name means 'carrier of weapons' in Sanskrit (Astra = weapon, Dharini = carrier)

Primary Function

INS Astradharini serves as a specialized platform for torpedo testing operations. During naval trials, it launches torpedoes, tracks their underwater trajectory, and recovers them for analysis - a critical capability for developing and validating India's torpedo systems.

Key Specifications

95% indigenous design - major milestone in India's naval self-reliance

Built by Hindustan Shipyard Limited (HSL), Visakhapatnam

Equipped with advanced tracking and recovery systems for torpedo retrieval

Supports testing of various torpedo types used by Indian Navy

Part of India's push for Atmanirbhar Bharat in defense manufacturing

Vessel Type

Example

Primary Function

Key Feature

Torpedo Launch & Recovery Vessel

INS Astradharini

Torpedo testing & recovery

95% indigenous design

Amphibious Warfare Ship

INS Jalashwa

Landing troops on enemy shores

Largest amphibious vessel

Nuclear Submarine

INS Arihant

Strategic deterrence

Nuclear-powered ballistic missile sub

Aircraft Carrier

INS Vikrant/Vikramaditya

Force projection

Conventional propulsion

Exam traps

Don't confuse TLRV with amphibious ships - Astradharini tests torpedoes, doesn't carry troops

India has NO nuclear-powered aircraft carrier - only conventional carriers like INS Vikrant

INS Jalashwa is the amphibious warfare ship, not Astradharini

95% indigenous doesn't mean 100% - some components still imported

Indian Naval Fleet Categories

Science And Technology Amphibious warfare ship Nuclear-powered submarine Nuclear-powered aircraft carrier

Indian Navy: Key Vessel Categories & Strategic Assets

Must know

INS Jalashwa - India's largest amphibious warfare ship for troop landing operations

INS Arihant - India's first nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine

India operates conventional aircraft carriers (INS Vikrant, Vikramaditya) - NO nuclear carriers

Good to know

Nuclear triad achieved through Arihant-class submarines

Major Indian Naval Assets

Category

Key Ships

Propulsion

Primary Role

Strategic Importance

Aircraft Carriers

INS Vikrant, INS Vikramaditya

Conventional

Force projection, air superiority

Blue water navy capability

Nuclear Submarines

INS Arihant, INS Arighat

Nuclear

Strategic deterrence

Nuclear triad completion

Amphibious Ships

INS Jalashwa

Conventional

Troop/equipment landing

Expeditionary warfare

Destroyers

Kolkata-class, Visakhapatnam-class

Conventional

Air defense, anti-ship

Fleet protection

Frigates

Shivalik-class, Nilgiri-class

Conventional

Anti-submarine warfare

Maritime security

Strategic Capabilities

Nuclear Submarine Program: Arihant-class provides sea-based nuclear deterrent

Aircraft Carrier Program: INS Vikrant (indigenous) + INS Vikramaditya (ex-Soviet)

Amphibious Capability: Limited to INS Jalashwa and smaller landing craft

Indigenous Manufacturing: Growing focus on domestic shipbuilding under Make in India

Exam traps

India has NO nuclear-powered aircraft carriers - only US, France, and Russia operate them

Don't confuse nuclear propulsion with nuclear weapons - Arihant has both

INS Jalashwa was acquired from USA (ex-USS Trenton) - not indigenous

Conventional vs Nuclear subs: Most Indian subs are diesel-electric, few are nuclear

Hindustan Shipyard & Defense Manufacturing

Indian Economy

Hindustan Shipyard Limited: India's Strategic Shipbuilding Hub

Must know

Hindustan Shipyard Limited (HSL) - major defense PSU based in Visakhapatnam

Built INS Astradharini with 95% indigenous content - milestone in naval self-reliance

Good to know

Key player in India's Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat defense initiatives

Strategic Importance

Hindustan Shipyard Limited represents India's push toward defense manufacturing self-reliance. Located in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, it builds both naval vessels and commercial ships, contributing to India's goal of reducing defense imports.

Major Indian Shipyards

Shipyard

Location

Ownership

Key Projects

Specialization

Hindustan Shipyard Ltd

Visakhapatnam

Public (PSU)

INS Astradharini, Naval vessels

Defense & Commercial

Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders

Mumbai

Public (PSU)

Submarines, Destroyers

Naval vessels

Garden Reach Shipbuilders

Kolkata

Public (PSU)

Corvettes, Fast Attack Craft

Naval vessels

Cochin Shipyard

Kochi

Public (PSU)

INS Vikrant, Commercial ships

Aircraft carriers

Indigenous Manufacturing Push

95% indigenous content in INS Astradharini - major achievement in defense manufacturing

Part of Strategic Partnership Model to boost private sector participation

Supports Atmanirbhar Bharat goal of reducing defense imports from 70% to 35%

Contributes to Make in India initiative in defense sector